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Indonesian Steam Coal:

Indonesian steam coal is a type of coal that is primarily used for energy production in power plants. Indonesia is one of the world's largest producers and exporters of steam coal, with the coal industry playing a significant role in the country's economy.

Geology and Reserves of Indonesian Steam Coal:

Indonesian steam coal is found in sedimentary rock formations, with the majority of the country's coal reserves located in Kalimantan and Sumatra. These reserves are estimated to be around 28 billion tonnes, with the majority of coal being sub-bituminous and bituminous.

Mining and Extraction of Indonesian Steam Coal:

Mining of Indonesian steam coal involves both open-pit and underground mining methods, with the majority of coal being extracted through open-pit mining. The process of extraction involves the use of heavy machinery and explosives to remove overlying soil and rock layers, allowing access to the coal seam.

Transportation of Indonesian Steam Coal:

Indonesian steam coal is transported by various means, including trucks, barges, and ships. The majority of coal is transported by sea to markets around the world, with major destinations including China, India, and Japan.

Market Trends of Indonesian Steam Coal:

The market for Indonesian steam coal is highly dependent on global demand, with China being the largest market for Indonesian coal. The price of coal can fluctuate depending on factors such as demand, supply, and geopolitical events.

Environmental Impact of Indonesian Steam Coal:

The mining and use of Indonesian steam coal can have significant environmental impacts, including land degradation, air and water pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. The Indonesian government has implemented various regulations to mitigate these impacts, including the requirement for environmental impact assessments and the development of rehabilitation plans.