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Fruits:

The fleshy or dry ripened ovary of a flowering plant that enclosing the seed or seeds is known as fruit. Fruits can be either sweet or sour. Fruits, such as bananas, grapes, apples, lemons, oranges, and strawberries are edible in the raw state. Everyone should include fresh fruits as a part of the diet. Prevention of many chronic diseases can be done by regular consumption of fruits. You can add many varieties of local and seasonal fruits such as Apple, Avocado, Banana, Cherry, Blackcurrant, orange in your diet.

Types of Fruits:

Fruits are generally classified as three main groups. These include simple fruits, aggregate fruits, and composite or multiple fruits.

Simple fruit:

Simple fruits are produced from the ripening of a simple or compound ovary in a flower with only one pistil. These can be either dry or fleshy. Different types of dry, simple fruits include:

• achene are most commonly seen in aggregate fruits such as strawberry
• capsule, such as, Brazil nut
• caryopsis such as wheat
• cypsela is an achene like fruit that is produced from the individual florets in a capitulum such as dandelion.
• fibrous drupe such as coconut,  and walnut
• follicle is formed from a single carpel, and opens by one suture, such as milkweed, that is commonly seen in aggregate fruits (e.g., magnolia)
• legume such as bean, pea,  and peanut
• loment is a type of indehiscent legume
• nut such as beech, hazelnut, and oak acorn
• samara such as ash, elm, maple key
• schizocarp such as carrot seed
• silique such as radish seed
• silicle such as shepherd's purse
• utricle such as strawberry

Simple fleshy fruits are type of fruits in which part or all of the pericarp is fleshy at maturity. Types of simple, fleshy, fruits include:

• berry such as cranberry, gooseberry, redcurrant, and tomato
• stone fruit or drupe such as apricot, cherry, olive, peach,  and plum
• The pome fruits from the family of Rosaceae, include pears, rosehips, apples, and saskatoon berry are a syncarpous fleshy fruit, which is a simple fruit, that develop from a half-inferior ovary.

Aggregate fruit:

Aggregate fruits generally develop from single flowers that have multiple carpels which are not joined together, such as each pistil contains one carpel. There are four types of aggregate fruits including follicles, etaerios of achenes, drupelets, and berries such as Blackberry, Boysenberry, and Raspberry.  An aggregate fruit, or etaerio, is developed from a single flower with numerous simple pistils. Examples include:

• Magnolia and peony are collection of follicles developing from one flower.
• Sweet gum, collection of capsules.
• Sycamore, collection of achenes.
• Teasel, collection of cypsellas
• Tuliptree, collection of samaras.

Multiple fruits:

A multiple fruit is one that is generated from a cluster of flowers called an inflorescence. Fruit is produced from each of the flower, but these mature into a single mass. Pineapple, fig, osage-orange, mulberry and breadfruit are some of the examples.

Berries:

Berries are one type of fleshy fruit. They are simple fruit produced from a single ovary which may be compound, with several carpels. Types include:

• Pepo are berries whose skin is hardened. Examples include: cucurbits (Cucumber, Gourd, Melon, Pumpkin)
• Hesperidium are berries with a rind and a juicy interior, like most citrus fruit such as Grapefruit, Lemon, Lime,  and Orange

Accessory fruit:

Accessory fruit can be simple, aggregate, or multiple. One or more pistils and other parts from the same flower is included. The pistils and other parts of many flowers may also be included. Some or all of the edible part of accessory fruit is not formed from the ovary. Apple, Pineapple, Rose hip, Stone fruit, and Strawberry are some of the example of Accessory fruit.

Seedless fruits:

Seedlessness is an important feature of some fruits. Pineapple and Bananas are some examples of seedless fruits. Some citrus fruits especially grapefruit, mandarin oranges, navel oranges, satsumas, table grapes, and watermelons are expensive because of their seedlessness.

Usage of Fruit:

• Fleshy fruits like apple, kiwifruit, mango, peach, pear, and watermelon can be eaten both fresh and as jams, marmalade and other preserves.
• Fruits are used in making foods such as cakes, cookies, ice cream, muffins, or yogurt.
• Beverages, such as fruit juices of apple, grape, or orange can be made.
• Alcoholic beverages such as brandy, wine or fruit beer can be made of Fruits.
• Fruits can be given as gift, in the form of Fruit Baskets and Fruit Bouquets.
• Olive fruit is pressed for olive oil.
• Spices like black pepper, paprika, and vanilla are produced from berries.

Benefits of Fruits:

Fresh fruits are high in fiber, vitamin C, and water. The fibres contained in fruits promote fullness and help lose weight and have cholesterol-lowering effects. Regular consumption of fruit is linked with reduced risks of several diseases and functional declines associated with aging due to its antioxidant property.