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Almonds:

Almonds is an edible and widely cultivated seed of a a tree nut native to the Mediterranean region

Some facts about Almonds:

• The fruit of the almond tree is a drupe that consist of an outer hull and a hard shell with the seed, which is not a true nut.
• The shell of the fruit should be removed to reveal the seed.
• Almonds are sold as shelled or unshelled.
• Shelled almonds that have been treated with hot water to soften the seed coat are Blanched almonds, which is then removed to reveal the white embryo.
• Almonds can be stored over time once they are cleaned and processed.
• Almonds are used in many food cuisines, often in sweet dishes or desserts.
• The almond fruit is 3.5–6 cm long and it is not a nut but a drupe.
• The outer covering, consisting of a thick, leathery, gray-green coat (with a downy exterior), called the hull.
• A woody endocarp which forms a reticulated, hard shell called the pyrena is there inside the hull.
• The edible seed, commonly called a nut is inside the shell.
• Generally, there is one seed, but occasionally two occur.
• The hull splits and separates from the shell after the fruit matures and an abscission layer is formed between the stem and the fruit so that the fruit can fall from the tree.
• The seeds of Prunus dulcis var. dulcis are generally sweet.
• However, seeds that are somewhat more bitter may be produced by some individual trees.
• Almonds contain 4 percent water, 22 percent carbohydrates, 21 percent protein, and 50 percent fat.
• 2,420 kilojoules (579 kilocalories) of food energy can be supplied by 100 gm of almond.
• These are rich source of the B vitamins riboflavin and niacin, vitamin E, and contain the essential minerals calcium, iron, copper, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, and zinc.
• A moderate source of the B vitamins thiamine, vitamin B6, folate, choline, and the essential mineral potassium is also present in Almond.
• Almonds that are bitter in taste contain 42 times higher amounts of cyanide than the trace levels found in sweet almonds.
• The cyanide in these almonds must be removed before consumption.
• Allergy or intolerance may be caused due to Almond.
• Cross-reactivity is common with peach allergens with local signs and symptoms such as oral allergy syndrome, contact urticaria, to systemic signs and symptoms including anaphylaxis such as urticaria, angioedema, gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms.

Varieties of Almond:

Almond trees are small to medium sized but it can be grafted onto a different root-stock by commercial cultivars to produce smaller trees.

• Nonpareil: Nonpareil is a variety of Almond that originates in the 1800s. Large, smooth, thin shelled almonds are produced with 60 to 65 percent edible kernel per nut from these large trees. Pollination from other almond varieties is required for good nut production in these varieties.
• Tuono : Tuono is a variety of Almond thatoriginates in Italy. It has thicker, hairier shells with only 32 percent of edible kernel per nut. Some protection from pests such as the navel orangeworm is provided by the thicker shell. Pollination is not required by other almond varieties.
• Mariana: This variety are used as a rootstock to result in smaller trees.